Works Cited

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Articles and Books

• Aalen, Lovise, Ethnic Federalism in a Dominant Party State: The Ethiopian Experience 1991-2000, Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (2002).

• Abbink, Jon, "Breaking and Making the State: The Dynamics of Ethnic Democracy in Ethiopia," in: Journal of Contemporary African Studies, vol. 13, no. 2 (1995) pp. 149-63.

• ---, "Ethnicity and Constitutionalism in Contemporary Ethiopia," in: Journal of African Law, vol. 41, no. 2 (1997) pp. 159-74.

• ---, "An Historical-Anthropological Approach to Islam in Ethiopia: Issues of Identity and Politics," in: Journal of African Cultural Studies, vol. 11, no. 2 (1998) pp. 109-24.

• Abir, Mordechai, Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes. The Challenge of Islam and Re-Unification of the Christian Empire, 1769-1855, New York: Praeger Publishers (1968).

• ---, "Education and National Unity in Ethiopia," in: African Affairs, vol. 69, no. 274 (1970) pp. 44-59.

• Abrahamsen, Rita, "African Studies and the Postcolonial Challenge," in: African Affairs, vol. 102, no. 407 (2003) pp. 189-210.

• Adhana, Adhana Haile, "Mutation of Statehood and Contemporary Politics," in: Abebe Zegeye and Siegfried Pausewang (eds.), Ethiopia in Change: Peasantry, Nationalism and Democracy, London and New York: British Academic Press (1994) pp. 12-29.

• Agnew, John, Place and Politics: The Geographical Mediation of State and Society, Boston: Allen and Unwin (1987).

• ---, "Areal Differentiation," in: R.J. Johnston, Derek Gregory, Geraldine Pratt and Michael Watts (eds.), The Dictionary of Human Geography, 4th ed., Oxford and Malden: Blackwell Publishers (2000) pp. 35-37.

• Albert, Mathias, "Territoriality and Modernization," Bielefeld: Institute for Global Society Studies (2001). Unpublished Paper for the Workshop “The Cluster of Water, Energy and the Human Environment: Towards an Extra Territorial Concept for the Middle East,” Jordan Institute of Diplomacy and Saskawa Peace Foundation, Dead Sea Movenpick Resort and Spa, Jordan, October 20-21, 2001.

• Anderson, Benedict, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, 2nd ed., London and New York: Verso Books (1991).

• Ankersmit, F.R., Narrative Logic: A Semantic Analysis of the Historian's Language, The Hague and Boston: Martinus Nijhoff and Kluwer Academic Publishers (1983).

• Appadurai, Arjun, "Theory in Anthropology: Center and Periphery," in: Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 28, no. 2 (1986) pp. 356-61.

• ---, "Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy," in: Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press (1996) pp. 27-47. Originally published in: Public Culture, vol. 2, no. 2 (1990) pp. 1-24.

• Arnesen, Odd Eirik, "The Becoming of Place: A Tulamo-Oromo Region in Northern Shoa," in: P.T.W. Baxter, Jan Hultin and Alessandro Triulzi (eds.), Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (1996) pp. 210-38.

• Auf, Christiane, Staat und Militär in Äthiopien. Zur Wechselwirkung im Historischen Prozeß der Staatsbildung, Hamburg: Institut für Afrika-Kunde (1996).

• Baissa, Lemmu, "Contending Nationalisms in the Ethiopian Empire State and the Oromo Struggle for Self-Determination," in: Asafa Jalata (eds.), Oromo Nationalism and the Ethiopian Discourse: The Search for Freedom & Democracy, Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press (1998) pp. 79-108.

• Balsvik, Randi Rønning, Haile Sellassie's Students: The Intellectual and Social Background to Revolution, 1952-1977, East Lansing: African Studies Center, Michigan State University (1985).

• Bassi, Marco, "Power's Ambiguity or the Political Significance of Gada," in: P.T.W. Baxter, Jan Hultin and Alessandro Triulzi (eds.), Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (1996) pp. 150-61.

• Baxter, P.T.W., "Ethiopia's Unacknowledged Problem: The Oromo," in: African Affairs, vol. 77, no. 308 (1978a) pp. 283-96.

• ---, "Boran Age-Sets and Generation-Sets: Gada a Puzzle or a Maze?," in: P.T.W. Baxter and Uri Almagor (eds.), Age, Generation and Time: Some Features of East African Age Organization, London: C. Hurst (1978b) pp. 151-82.

• ---, "Boran Age-Sets and Warfare," in: Katsuyoshi Fukui and David Turton (eds.), Warfare among East African Herders, Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology (1979) pp. 69-96.

• ---, "The Problem of the Oromo or the Problem for the Oromo?," in: I.M. Lewis (eds.), Nationalism and Self-Determination in the Horn of Africa, London: Ithaca Press (1983) pp. 129-49.

• ---, "Reply to Marcus," in: American Historical Review, vol. 97, no. 4 (1992) pp. 1365.

• ---, "The Creation & Constitution of Oromo Nationality," in: Katsuyoshi Fukui and John Markakis (eds.), Ethnicity & Conflict in the Horn of Africa, London and Athens: James Currey and Ohio University Press (1994) pp. 167-86.

• Baxter, P.T.W., Jan Hultin and Alessandro Triulzi, "Introduction," in: P.T.W. Baxter, Jan Hultin and Alessandro Triulzi (eds.), Being and Becoming Oromo: Historical and Anthropological Enquiries, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (1996) pp. 9-25.

• Baxter, P.T.W., "Towards Identifying Some of the Moral Components of an Oromo National Identity," in: M.A. Mohamed Salih, John Markakis (eds.), Ethnicity and the State in Eastern Africa, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (1998) pp. 50-61.

• Bayart, Jean-François, The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly, London: Longman (1993).

• ---, "Africa in the World: A History of Extraversion," in: African Affairs, vol. 99, no. 395 (2000) pp. 217-67.

• Beck, Ulrich, Wolfgang Bonss and Christoph Lau, "The Theory of Reflexive Modernization: Problematic, Hypotheses and Research Programme," in: Theory, Culture and Society, vol. 20, no. 2 (2003) pp. 1-33.

• Bhabha, Homi K., The Location of Culture, London and New York: Routledge (1994).

• Bhaskar, Roy, The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences, Brighton: Harvester Press (1979).

• Birru, Alemayehu, "The Bankruptcy of Donald Levine’s Greater Ethiopia Thesis," in: The Oromo Commentary, vol. 3, no. 1 (1993) pp. 25-28.

• Biyyaa, Fayyise, "Oromo Women (under Colonial Rule and Alien Religions)," in: Oromtittii: Journal of the Union of Oromo Women in Europe, Special Issue (1984).

• Blackhurst, Hector, "Continuity and Change in the Shoa Galla Gada System," in: P.T.W. Baxter and Uri Almagor (eds.), Age, Generation and Time: Some Features of East African Age Organisations, London: C. Hurst (1978) pp. 245-67.

• ---, "Ethnicity in Southern Ethiopia - the General and the Particular," in: Africa, vol. 50, no. 1 (1980) pp. 55-65.

• Bourdieu, Pierre, Outline of a Theory of Practice, Trans. Richard Nice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1977).

• ---, The Logic of Practice, Trans. Richard Nice, Reprint ed., Stanford: Stanford University Press (1992).

• Braukämper, Ulrich, "Ethnic Identity and Social Change among Oromo Refugees in the Horn of Africa," in: Northeast African Studies, vol. 4, no. 3 (1982/83) pp. 1-15.

• Brietzke, Paul H., "Ethiopia's 'Leap in the Dark': Federalism and Self-Determination in the New Constitution," in: Journal of African Law, vol. 39, no. 1 (1995) pp. 19-38.

• Brinton, Crane, The Anatomy of Revolution, New York: Vintage Books (1965).

• Bulcha, Mekuria, Flight and Integration. Causes of Mass Exodus from Ethiopia and Problems of Integration in the Sudan, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (1988).

• ---, "Language, Ethnic Identity, and Nationalism in Ethiopia. History of Written Afaan Oromoo and Language Policies of Ethiopian Regimes. Part One: 1840-1941," in: The Oromo Commentary, vol. 3, no. 1 (1993a) pp. 8-16.

• ---, "Language, Ethnic Identity, and Nationalism in Ethiopia. Afaan Oromo and the Language Policies of Ethiopian Regimes: Part Two, 1941-1993," in: The Oromo Commentary, vol. 3, no. 2 (1993b) pp. 5-18.

• ---, "The Politics of Linguistic Homogenization in Ethiopia and the Conflict over the Status of Afaan Oromoo," in: African Affairs, vol. 96, no. 384 (1997) pp. 325-52.

• ---, The Making of the Oromo Diaspora: A Historical Sociology of Forced Migration, Minneapolis: Kirk House Publishers (2002).

• Cappelli, Vanni, "The Oromo of Ethiopia: Africa's Nation Manque," in: Horn of Africa, vol. 15, no. 1-4 (1997) pp. 81-91.

• Carter Bentley, G., "Ethnicity and Practice," in: Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 29, no. 1 (1987) pp. 24-55.

• Castells, Manuel, The Rise of the Network Society, Oxford and Malden: Blackwell Publishing (1996).

• Chanie, Paulos, "The Rise of Politicized Ethnicity among the Oromo in Ethiopia," in: M.A. Mohamed Salih and John Markakis (eds.), Ethnicity and the State in Eastern Africa, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (1998) pp. 95-107.

• Chole, Eshetu, "Opening Pandora's Box: Preliminary Notes on Fiscal Decentralization in Contemporary Ethiopia," in: Northeast African Studies, vol. 1, no. 1 (1994) pp. 7-30.

• Clapham, Christopher, "Centralization and Local Response in Southern Ethiopia," in: African Affairs, vol. 74, no. 29 (1975) pp. 72-81.

• ---, Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1988).

• ---, "Conclusion: Revolution, Nationality, and the Ethiopian State," in: Marina Ottaway (ed.), The Political Economy of Ethiopia, New York: Praeger Publishers (1990) pp. 221-31.

• ---, "Review Article: The Longue Durée of the African State," in: African Affairs, vol. 93, no.

• 272 (1994) pp. 433-39.

• ---, "Rethinking African States," in: African Security Review, vol. 10, no. 3 (2001). Available at: www.iss.co.za/Pubs/ASR/10No3/Clapham.html (February 26, 2004)

• ---, "Controlling Space in Ethiopia," in: Wendy James, Donald L. Donham, Eisei Kurimoto and Alessandro Triulzi (eds.), Remapping Ethiopia: Socialism & After, Oxford, Athens and Addis Ababa: James Currey, Ohio University Press and Addis Ababa University Press (2002a) pp. 9-30.

• ---, "Rewriting Ethiopian History," (2002b) Lecture at the French Embassy in Addis Ababa. Available at: www.cfee-fces.org/code/claph.htm. (January 28, 2004).

• Clay, J., and Bonnie Holcomb, Politics and the Ethiopian Famine 1984-85, Cambridge: Cultural Survival (1985).

• Clay, J., S. Steingraber and P. Niggli, The Spoils of Famine - Ethiopian Famine Policy and Peasant Agriculture, Cambridge: Cultural Survival (1988).

• Clifford, James, "Traveling Cultures," in: James Clifford (eds.), Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century, Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press (1997) pp. 17-46. Originally published in: Lawrence Grossberg, Cary Nelson and Paula Treichler (eds.), Cultural Studies, New York: Routledge (1992) pp. 96-116.

• ---, "Diasporas," in: James Clifford (eds.), Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century, Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press (1997) pp. 244-77. Originally published in: Cultural Anthropology, vol. 9, no. 3 (1994) pp. 302-338.

• Cohen, John M., "Ethiopia after Haile Selassie: The Government Land Factor," in: African Affairs, vol. 72, no. 289 (1973) pp. 365-82.

• ---, "Ethiopia: A Survey of the Existence of a Feudal Peasantry," in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 12, no. 4 (1974) pp. 665-72.

• Cohen, John M., Nils-Ivar Isaksson, "Villagisation in Ethiopia's Arsi Region," in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 25, no. 3 (1987) pp. 435-64.

• Cohen, John M., "'Ethnic Federalism' in Ethiopia," in: Northeast African Studies, vol. 2, no. 2 (1995) pp. 157-88.

• ---, "Decentralization and 'Ethnic Federalism' in Post-Civil War Ethiopia," in: K. Kumar (ed.), Rebuilding Societies after Civil War: Critical Roles for International Assistance, Boulder: Lynne Riener (1997) pp. 135-53.

• Cronon, W., G. Miles and J. Gitlin (eds.), Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past, New York: Norton (1992).

• Crummey, Donald, "Tewodros as Reformer and Modernizer," in: Journal of African History, vol. 10, no. 3 (1969) pp. 457-69.

• ---, "Abyssinian Feudalism," in: Past and Present, no. 89 (1980) pp. 115-28.

• ---, "Imperial Legitimacy and the Creation of Neo-Solomonic Ideology in Nineteenth-Century Ethiopia," in: Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines, no. 109 (1988) pp. 13-43.

• ---, Land and Society in the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia: From the Thirteenth to the Twentieth Century, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press (2000a).

• ---, "Ethiopia, Europe and Modernity: A Preliminary Sketch," in: Aethiopica, vol. 3, no. (2000b) pp. 7-23.

• De Certeau, Michel, The Practice of Everyday Life, Trans. Steven Rendall, Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press (1984).

• De Waal, Alex, "Rethinking Ethiopia," in: Charles Gurdon (ed.), The Horn of Africa, London: UCL Press (1994) pp. 25-46.

• Dear, Michael, "Postmodern Bloodlines," in: G. Benko and U. Strohmayer (eds.), Space and Social Theory: Interpreting Modernity and Postmodernity, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing (1997) pp. 49-71.

• Delaney, David, and Helga Leitner, "The Political Construction of Scale," in: Political Geography, vol. 16, no. 2 (1997) pp. 93-97.

• Dercon, Stefan, "Growth and Poverty in Ethiopia in the 1990s: An Economic Perspective," Oxford: Centre for the Study of African Economies, Oxford University (2000) Working Paper.

• Deressa, Beletech, "Oromo Women in the Leadership," in: Mohammed Hassen (ed.), Proceedings of the Conference on the Oromo Nation: Its Cultural Heritage, Present Struggle for Economic and Political Freedom, and Prospect for a Democratic Future, York University, Toronto, Canada, August 4-5 (1990) pp. 75-80.

• Deutsche, Rosalyn, Evictions: Art and Spatial Politics, Cambridge and London: MIT Press (1996).

• Donham, Donald, "Old Abyssinia and the New Ethiopian Empire: Themes in Social History," in: Donald Donham (ed.), The Southern Marches of Imperial Ethiopia: Essays in History and Social Anthropology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1986) pp. 3-48.

• Donham, Donald, and Wendy James, The Southern Marches of Imperial Ethiopia: Essays in History and Social Anthropology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1986).

• Donham, Donald, "A Note on Space in the Ethiopian Revolution," in: Africa, vol. 63, no. 4 (1993) pp. 583-90.

• ---, "Introduction," in: Wendy James, Donald L. Donham, Eisei Kurimoto and Alessandro Triulzi (eds.), Remapping Ethiopia: Socialism & After, Oxford, Athens and Addis Ababa: James Currey, Ohio University Press and Addis Ababa University Press (2002) pp. 1-7.

• Edwards, Lyford Paterson, The Natural History of Revolution, Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1970).

• Eide, Øyvind M., Revolution and Religion in Ethiopia: A Study of Church and Politics with Special Reference to the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, 1974 -1985, Stavanger and Uppsala: Misjonshøgskolens Forlag and Uppsala Universitet (1996).

• Ellis, Gene, "The Feudal Paradigm as a Hindrance to Understanding Ethiopia," in: Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 14, no. 2 (1976) pp. 275-95.

• Engedayehu, Walle, "Ethiopia: The Pitfalls of Ethnic Federalism," in: George Akeya Agbango (ed.), Issues and Trends in Contemporary African Politics: Stability, Development, and Democratization, New York et al.: Peter Lang Publishers (1997) pp. 191-236.

• Erlich, Haggai, "The Horn of Africa and the Middle East: Politicization of Islam in the Horn and Depoliticization of Ethiopian Christianity," in: Joseph Tubiana (ed.), Modern Ethiopia: From the Accession of Menilek II to the Present, Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema (1980) pp. 399-408.

• Fadel, Kamal, "The Decolonisation Process in Western Sahara," in: Indigenous Law Bulletin, vol. 4, no. 23 (1999) pp. 7-10.

• Farah, Randa, "Western Sahara and Palestine: Shared Refugee Experiences," in: Forced Migration Review, no. 16 (2003) pp. 20-23.

• Fossati, Bruna, Lydia Namarra, Peter Niggli, Die neuen Herren Äthiopiens und die Verfolgung der Oromo. Berichte der Oromo-Flüchtlinge in Djibouti, Frankfurt am Main: EPD-Dokumentation (1996).

• Frejacques, Lillian. "Identity and Belonging: Ethnic Formation Processes amongst the Karaiyu / Oromo of the Central Awash Valley, Ethiopia." PhD Thesis, Boston: Boston University (2003).

• Fukui, Katsuyoshi, and John Markakis, "Introduction," in: Katsuyoshi Fukui and John Markakis (eds.), Ethnicity and Conflict in the Horn of Africa, London and Athens: James Currey and Ohio University Press (1994) pp. 1-11.

• Gamta, Tilahun, "Qube Afaan Oromoo: Reasons for Chosing the Latin Script for Developing an Oromo Alphabet," in: The Oromo Commentary, vol. 3, no. 1 (1993) pp. 17-20.

• Geertz, Clifford, "Primordial and Civic Ties," in: John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith (eds.), Nationalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press (1995) pp. 29-33.

• Gellner, Ernest, Nations and Nationalism, Ithaca: Cornell University Press (1983).

• Gidada, Negaso, "My Visit to the OPDO 28.5 - 28.6.1991," Offenbach (1991) Unpublished.

• Giddens, Anthony, Power, Property and the State, A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 1, London and Berkeley: MacMillan and University of California Press (1981).

• ---, The Nation-State and Violence, A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Vol. 2, Cambridge and Berkeley: Polity Press and University of California Press (1985).

• ---, Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press (1990).

• Gilkes, Patrick, The Dying Lion: Feudalism and Modernization in Ethiopia, London: Julian Friedmann Publishers (1975).

• Gilpin, Robert, The Political Economy of International Relations, Princeton: Princeton University Press (1987).

• Gilroy, Paul, There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation, London: Hutchinson (1987).

• Gow, Greg, The Oromo in Exile: From the Horn of Africa to the Suburbs of Australia, Carlton South: Melbourne University Press (2002).

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• Greenfield, Richard, and Mohammed Hassan, "Interpretation of Oromo Nationality," in: Horn of Africa, vol. 3, no. 3 (1980) pp. 3-14.

• Gregory, Derek, "Presences and Absences: Time-Space Relations and Structuration Theory," in: David Held and John B. Thompson (eds.), Social Theory of Modern Societies: Anthony Giddens and His Critics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1989) pp. 185-214.

• ---, "Humanistic Geography," in: R.J. Johnston, Derek Gregory, Geraldine Pratt and Michael Watts (eds.), The Dictionary of Human Geography, 4th ed., Oxford and Malden: Blackwell Publishing (2000a) pp. 361-64.

• ---, "Regions and Regional Geography," in: R.J. Johnston, Derek Gregory, Geraldine Pratt and Michael Watts (eds.), The Dictionary of Human Geography, 4th ed., Oxford and Malden: Blackwell Publishing (2000b) pp. 687-90.

• Gupta, Akhil, and James Ferguson (eds.), Culture, Power, Place: Explorations in Critical Anthropology, Durham: Duke University Press (1997).

• Gupta, Akhil, and James Ferguson, "Spatializing States: Toward an Ethnography of Neoliberal Governmentality," in: American Ethnologist, vol. 29, no. 4 (2002) pp. 981-1002.

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• Harbeson, John W., "Is Ethiopia Democratic? A Bureaucratic Authoritarian Regime," in: Journal of Democracy, vol. 9, no. 4 (1998) pp. 62-69.

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• ---, The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing (1989).

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• ---, Gespräche mit Gudina, 2nd ed., Stuttgart: Radius Verlag (1981b).

• ---, Nächstes Jahr im Oromoland. Von der eklatanten Verletzung der Menschenrechte durch den Abessinisch-Amharischen Rassismus in Äthiopien. Ein Bericht, Stuttgart: Radius Verlag (1982).

• ---, Das Geheime Lachen im Bambuswald: Vom Freiheitskampf der Oromo im Äthiopien, Stuttgart: Radius Verlag (1990).

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• ---, "Reply to Marcus," in: American Historical Review, vol. 97, no. 4 (1992) pp. 1364-65.

• ---, "A Brief Glance at the History of the Growth of Written Oromo Literature," in: Catherine-Griefenow Mewis and Rainer M. Voigt (eds.), Cushitic and Omotic Languages. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium, Berlin, March 17-19, 1994, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag (1994) pp. 249-70.

• ---, "The Macha-Tulama Association and the Development of Oromo Nationalism," in: Asafa Jalata (ed.), Oromo Nationalism and the Ethiopian Discourse: The Search for Freedom & Democracy, Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press (1998) pp. 183-222.

• ---, "Ethiopia: Missed Opportunities for Peaceful Democratic Process," in: Kidane Mengisteab and Cyril Daddieh (eds.), State Building and Democratization in Africa: Faith, Hope, and Realities: New York: Praeger Publishers (1999) pp. 233-60.

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• ---, Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia, New York: Palgrave (2000).

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• ---, Oromia & Ethiopia: State Formation and Ethnonational Conflict, 1868-1992, Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers (1993b).

• ---, "Oromo Nationalism in the New Global Context," in: The Journal of Oromo Studies, vol. 4, no. 1-2 (1997) pp. 83-114.

• ---, "The Cultural Roots of Oromo Nationalism," in: Asafa Jalata (ed.), Oromo Nationalism and the Ethiopian Discourse: The Search for Freedom & Democracy, Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press (1998a) pp. 1-26.

• ---, "The Emergence of Oromo Nationalism and the Ethiopian Reaction," in: Asafa Jalata (ed.), Oromo Nationalism and the Ethiopian Discourse: The Search for Freedom & Democracy, Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press (1998b) pp. 1-26.

• ---, "The Struggle for Knowledge: The Case of Emergent Oromo Studies," in: Asafa Jalata (ed.), Oromo Nationalism and the Ethiopian Discourse: The Search for Freedom & Democracy, Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press (1998c) pp. 253-90.

• ---, "Comparing the African American and Oromo Movements in the Global Context," in: Social Justice, vol. 30, no. 1 (2003) pp. 67-111.

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

ENLF: Ethiopian National Liberation Front

EPLF: Eritrean Peoples’ Liberation Front

EPRDF: Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front

EPRP: Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Party

ESUE: Ethiopian Students Union in Europe

ESUNA: Ethiopian Students Union in North America

FDRE: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

ICH’AT: Revolutionary Struggle of the Ethiopian Oppressed

IFLO: Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia

MEISON: All Ethiopian Socialist Movement

OALF: Oromo-Abbo Liberation Front

OAU: Organization of African Union

OLC: Oromo Liberation Council

OLF: Oromo Liberation Front

ONA: Oromian National Academy

ONC: Oromo National Congress

ONDM: Oromo National Democratic Movement

OPDO: Oromo Peoples’ Democratic Organization

OPLF: Oromo Peoples’ Liberation Front

OPLO: Oromo Peoples’ Liberation Organization

ORA: Oromo Relief Association

OSA: Oromo Studies Association

OSG: Oromia Support Group

POLISARIO: Frente Popular para la Liberacion de Saguiet el Hamra y Rio de Oro

POMOA: Peoples’ Office for Mass Organizational Affairs

SADR: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

SALF: Somali Abbo Liberation Front

TGE: Transitional Government of Ethiopia

TPLF: Tigrayan Peoples’ Liberation Front

UN: United Nations

UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

ULFO: United Liberation Forces of Oromia

UOE: Union of Oromo in Europe

UONA: Union of Oromo in North America

UOSNA: Union of Oromo Students in North America

UOPL: United Oromo Peoples’ Leadership

UOSE: Union of Oromo Students in Europe

WPE: Workers’ Party of Ethiopia

WSLF: Western Somalia Liberation Front